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Species distribution of arsenic in sediments after an unexpected emergent discharge of high-arsenic wastewater

Ruiping LIU, Wei XU, Kun WU, Wenxin GONG, Huijuan LIU, Jiuhui QU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第4期   页码 568-578 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0514-3

摘要： The unexpected emergent discharge of high-arsenic wastewater into water environments results in significantly increased levels of arsenic in water; however, the species distribution of arsenic in sediments has never been reported before for such cases. This study focuses on an As pollution accident in the Dasha River, and uses sequential extraction procedures with deionized water, 1?mol·L MgCl at pH= 8, 1?mol·L NaH PO at pH= 5, and 1?mol·L HCl to investigate four binding phases of arsenic (i.e., water soluble, ion-exchangeable, strongly-bound, and precipitates) in sediments at different layers in different cross-sections along the river. The average ratio of arsenite (As(III)) to arsenate (As(V)) was found to decrease from 0.74:1 in river water to 0.48:1 in sediment, owing to its higher affinity toward As(V) than As(III). The content of arsenic in the sediments was relatively low and the maximum content was observed to be 36.3?mg·kg for As(III) and 97.5?mg·kg for As(V). As(III) and As(V) showed different binding phases in sediments, and the average fractions of these four species were determined to be 0.09, 0.11, 0.17, and 0.63 for As(III) and 0.03, 0.14, 0.63, and 0.20 for As(V), respectively. For all the sediment samples, the content of arsenic showed no relationship with the characteristics of the sediments such as the particle diameter, the content of organic carbon, Fe, and Mn, although a negative correlation with particle diameter was observed for the sediments in the uppermost 2-cm layer. The unexpected emergent As incident results in the high content of total arsenic in the surface sediment, which may be potential secondary source to the elevated As levels in surface water.

关键词： river sediments     arsenic     species distribution     binding phases     unexpected discharge of high-As wastewater    

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THE 4C APPROACH AS A WAY TO UNDERSTAND SPECIES INTERACTIONS DETERMINING INTERCROPPING PRODUCTIVITY

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第3期   页码 387-399 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021414

摘要：

Modern agriculture needs to develop transition pathways toward agroecological, resilient and sustainable farming systems. One key pathway for such agroecological intensification is the diversification of cropping systems using intercropping and notably cereal-grain legume mixtures. Such mixtures or intercrops have the potential to increase and stabilize yields and improve cereal grain protein concentration in comparison to sole crops. Species mixtures are complex and the 4C approach is both a pedagogical and scientific way to represent the combination of four joint effects of Competition, Complementarity, Cooperation, and Compensation as processes or effects occurring simultaneously and dynamically between species over the whole cropping cycle. Competition is when plants have fairly similar requirements for abiotic resources in space and time, the result of all processes that occur when one species has a greater ability to use limiting resources (e.g., nutrients, water, space, light) than others. Complementarity is when plants grown together have different requirements for abiotic resources in space, time or form. Cooperation is when the modification of the environment by one species is beneficial to the other(s). Compensation is when the failure of one species is compensated by the other(s) because they differ in their sensitivity to abiotic stress. The 4C approach allows to assess the performance of arable intercropping versus classical sole cropping through understanding the use of abiotic resources.

 

关键词： compensation     competition     complementarity     cooperation     interspecific interactions     land equivalent ratio     light     nutrients     species mixtures     water    

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COMPARING PERFORMANCE OF CROP SPECIES MIXTURES AND PURE STANDS

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第3期   页码 481-489 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021413

摘要：

Intercropping is the planned cultivation of species mixtures on agricultural land. Intercropping has many attributes that make it attractive for developing a more sustainable agriculture, such as high yield, high resource use efficiency, lower input requirements, natural suppression of pests, pathogens and weeds, and building a soil with more organic carbon and nitrogen. Information is needed which species combinations perform best under different circumstances and which management is suitable to bring out the best from intercropping in a given production situation. The literature is replete with case studies on intercropping from across the globe, but evidence synthesis is needed to make this information accessible. Meta-analysis requires a careful choice of metric that is appropriate for answering the question at hand, and which lends itself for a robust meta-analysis. This paper reviews some metrics that may be used in the quantitative synthesis of literature data on intercropping.

 

关键词： intercropping     species mixtures     meta-analysis     metrics     indicators    

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Tracking in urban wastewater treatment plants in a cold region: Occurrence, species and infectivity

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第9期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1533-8

摘要：

• Cryptosporidium in WWTPs in a cold region was investigated in different seasons.

关键词： WWTPs     Cryptosporidium     Occurrence     Species     Infectivity     Low temperature    

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IN VITRO ACTIVITY OF EXTRACTS OF FIVE MEDICINAL PLANT SPECIES ON PLANT PATHOGENIC FUNGI

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第4期   页码 635-644 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE -2020343

摘要：

The antifungal effectiveness of extracts of five medicinal plant species was determined. The inhibitory activity of extracts of Eucalyptus tereticornis, Xanthium sibiricum, Artemisia argyi, Tupistra chinensis and Pyrola calliantha were evaluated against the mycelial growth of the plant pathogenic fungi Aspergillus niger, Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium digitatum, P. expansum, P. italicumand Rhizopus stolonifer. All plant extracts were prepared at 60°C using solvents (either water, 50% ethanol (v/v), 95% ethanol (v/v), ethyl acetate or petroleum ether). Fungicidal effects of all plants tested were confirmed. Different extracts from the same plant species gave different degrees of inhibition. All aqueous extracts had weak or no activity on all fungi tested. Ethyl acetate and 95% ethanol extracts from T. chinensis rhizomes gave greater inhibition and a broader spectrum inhibition than the other extracts. T. chinensis may have potential as a new natural fungicide and may be used for the preservation of agricultural and forestry products such as fruits and vegetables.

 

关键词： Botrytis cinerea / food preservation / plant diseases / plant pathogenic fungi / Tupistra chinensis    

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Roles of various Ni species on TiO

Xiaoping CHEN, Jihai XIONG, Jinming SHI, Song XIA, Shuanglin GUI, Wenfeng SHANGGUAN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第4期   页码 684-690 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0585-8

摘要： Low-cost nickels can be used as cocatalyst to improve the performance of photocatalysts, which may be promising materials applied in the field of photocatalytic water splitting. In this study, different nickel species Ni, Ni(OH) , NiO, NiO , and NiS are used to modified titanium dioxide (P25) to investigate their roles on the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activities. UV-visible, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunner-Emmet-Teller (BET) measurements, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis etc. are employed to characterize the physical and chemical properties of catalysts. The results indicate that all the nickel species can improve the photocatalytic hydrogen production activity of P25. The P25 modified with NiO and NiS has more superior photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activities than those modified with other nickel species. The reason for this is that NiO and NiS can form p-n junctions with P25 respectively. In addition, NiO can be selectively deposited on the active sites of P25 via the photodeposition method and NiS is beneficial for H reacting with photo-excited electrons.

关键词： nickel species     TiO2     photocatalytic hydrogen evolution    

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Cooperative effect between copper species and oxygen vacancy in CeZrCuO catalysts for carbon monoxide

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第6期   页码 1524-1536 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2106-2

摘要： The effects of Zr doping on the existence of Cu and the catalytic performance of Ce0.7−xZrxCu0.3O2 for CO oxidation were investigated. The characterization results showed that all samples have a cubic structure, and a small amount of Zr doping facilitates Cu2+ ions entering the CeO2 lattice, but excessive Zr doping leads to the formation of surface CuO crystals again. Thus, the number of oxygen vacancies caused by the Cu2+ entering the lattice (e.g., Cu2+–□–Ce4+; □: oxygen vacancy), and the amount of reducible copper species caused by CuO crystals, varies with the Zr doping. Catalytic CO oxidation tests indicated that the oxygen vacancy and the reducible copper species were the adsorption and activation sites of O2 and CO, respectively, and the cooperative effects between them accounted for the high CO oxidation activity. Thus, the samples x = 0.1 and 0.3, which possessed the most oxygen vacancy or reducible copper species, showed the best activity for CO oxidation, with full CO conversion obtained at 110 °C. The catalyst is also stable and has good resistance to water during the reaction.

关键词： Ce–Zr–Cu–O     CO oxidation     reducible copper species     oxygen vacancy     cooperative effect    

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RESEARCH PROGRESS ON THE IMPACT OF NITROGEN DEPOSITION ON GLOBAL GRASSLANDS

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第3期   页码 425-444 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022457

摘要：

● Grasslands in many regions of the world have been impacted by atmospheric nitrogen deposition.

关键词： Acidification     biomass production     critical load     eutrophication     species composition     species richness    

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understanding vacuum ultraviolet–iodide induced photolysis via hydrogen peroxide formation, iodine species

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1489-0

摘要：

• UV/VUV/I– induces substantial H2O2 and IO3– formation, but UV/I– does not.

关键词： Vacuum ultraviolet     Hydrogen peroxide     Iodate     Hydroxyl radical     Redox transition    

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NADPH oxidase and reactive oxygen species as signaling molecules in carcinogenesis

Gang WANG

《医学前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第1期   页码 1-7 doi: 10.1007/s11684-009-0018-5

摘要： Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are small molecule metabolites of oxygen that are prone to participate in redox reactions their high reactivity. Intracellular ROS could be generated in reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotidephosphate (NADPH) oxidase-dependent and/or NADPH oxidase-independent manners. Physiologically, ROS are involved in many signaling cascades that contribute to normal processes. One classical example is that ROS derived from the NADPH oxidase and released in neurotrophils are able to digest invading bacteria. Excessive ROS, however, contribute to pathogenesis of various human diseases including cancer, aging, dimentia and hypertension. As signaling messengers, ROS are able to oxidize many targets such as DNA, proteins and lipids, which may be linked with tumor growth, invasion or metastasis. The present review summarizes recent advances in our comprehensive understanding of ROS-linked signaling pathways in regulation of tumor growth, invasion and metastasis, and focuses on the role of the NADPH oxidase-derived ROS in cancer pathogenesis.

关键词： free radicals     tumor     phox     cell proliferation     cancer therapy    

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Reactive oxygen species generation is essential for cisplatin-induced accelerated senescence in hepatocellular

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第2期   页码 227-235 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0327-1

摘要：

Accelerated senescence is important because this process is involved in tumor suppression and has been induced by many chemotherapeutic agents. The platinum-based chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin displays a wide range of antitumor activities. However, the molecular mechanism of cisplatin-induced accelerated senescence in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. In the present study, the growth inhibitory effect of cisplatin on HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells was detected by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Cellular senescence was then assessed by β-galactosidase assay. Senescence-related factors, including p53, p21, and p16, were evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) was analyzed by flow cytometry. Our results revealed that cisplatin reduced the proliferation of HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Senescent phenotype observed in cisplatin-treated hepatoma cells was dependent on p53 and p21 activation but not on p16 activation. Furthermore, cisplatin-induced accelerated senescence depended on intracellular ROS generation. The ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine also significantly suppressed the cisplatin-induced senescence of HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells. In conclusion, our results revealed a functional link between intracellular ROS generation and cisplatin-induced accelerated senescence, and this link may be used as a potential target of HCC.

关键词： reactive oxygen species     senescence     cisplatin     hepatocellular carcinoma    

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TRANSLATING THE MULTI-ACTOR APPROACH TO RESEARCH INTO PRACTICE USING A WORKSHOP APPROACH FOCUSING ON SPECIES

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第3期   页码 460-473 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021416

摘要：

The EIP-Agri multiactor approach was exemplified during a 3-day workshop with 63 project participants from the EU H2020 funded project “Redesigning European cropping systems based on species MIXtures”. The objective was to share firsthand experience of participatory research among researchers who were mostly not familiar with this approach. Workshop participants were divided into smaller multidisciplinary groups and given the opportunity to interact with representatives from eight actor positions in the value chain of the agrifood cooperative Terrena located in Western France. The four stages of the workshop were: (1) key actor interviews, (2) sharing proposed solutions for overcoming barriers, and (3) developing possible interdisciplinary concepts. Expressions of frustration were recorded serving both as a motivation for group members to become more aware of the scientific concerns and practices of their colleagues, as well as a recognition that some researchers have better skills integrating qualitative approaches than others. Nevertheless, the workshop format was an effective way to gain a common understanding of the pertinent issues that need to be addressed to meet overall multiactor-approach objectives. Working with the actor networks was identified and emphasized as a means to overcome existing barriers between academia and practice in order to coproduce a shared vision of the benefits of species mixture benefits.

 

关键词： agroecology     codesign     intercropping     knowledge sharing     participatory methods    

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Emission factors of gaseous carbonaceous species from residential combustion of coal and crop residue

Qin WANG, Chunmei GENG, Sihua LU, Wentai CHEN, Min SHAO

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第1期   页码 66-76 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0428-5

摘要： Experiments were performed to measure the emission factors ( s) of gaseous carbonaceous species, such as CO , CO, CH , and non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs), from the combustion of five types of coal of varying organic maturity and two types of biomass briquettes under residential burning conditions. Samples were collected in stainless steel canisters and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) cartridges and were analyzed by GC–FID/MS and HPLC, respectively. The s from crop residue briquette burning were generally higher than those from coals, with the exception of CO . The dominant NMVOC species identified in coal smoke were carbonyls (41.7%), followed by C2 unsaturated hydrocarbons (29.1%) and aromatics (12.1%), while C2 unsaturated hydrocarbons were the dominant species (68.9%) emitted from the combustion of crop residue briquettes, followed by aromatics (14.4%). A comparison of burning normal crop residues in stoves and the open field indicated that briquettes emitted a larger proportion of ethene and acetylene. Both combustion efficiency and coal organic maturity had a significant impact on NMVOC s from burning coal: NMVOC emissions increased with increasing coal organic maturity but decreased as the combustion efficiency improved. Emissions from the combustion of crop residue briquettes from stoves occurred mainly during the smoldering process, with low combustion efficiency. Therefore, an improved stove design to allow higher combustion efficiency would be beneficial for reducing emissions of carbonaceous air pollutants.

关键词： residential combustion     coal     crop residue briquette     emission factors     gaseous carbonaceous species    

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Light-induced variation in environmentally persistent free radicals and the generation of reactive radical species

Yafang Shi, Yunchao Dai, Ziwen Liu, Xiaofeng Nie, Song Zhao, Chi Zhang, Hanzhong Jia

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1285-2

摘要： Abstract • Light irradiation increased the concentration of free radicals on HS. • The increased spin densities on HS readily returned back to the original value. • The “unstable” free radicals induced the formation of reactive radical species. • Reactive radicals’ concentration correlated strongly with EPFRs’ concentration. Environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) in humic substances play an essential role in soil geochemical processes. Light is known to induce EPFRs formation for dissolved organic matter in aquatic environments; however, the impacts of light irradiation on the variation of EPFRs in soil humic substances remain unclear. In this study, humic acid, fulvic acid, and humin were extracted from peat soil and then in situ irradiated using simulated sunlight. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy results showed that with the increasing irradiation time, the spin densities and g-factors of humic substances rapidly increased during the initial 20 min and then gradually reached a plateau. After irradiation for 2h, the maximum spin density levels were up to 1.63 × 1017, 2.06 × 1017, and 1.77 × 1017 spins/g for the humic acid, fulvic acid, and humin, respectively. And the superoxide radicals increased to 1.05 × 1014–1.46 × 1014 spins/g while the alkyl radicals increased to 0.47 × 1014–1.76 × 1014 spins/g. The light-induced EPFRs were relatively unstable and readily returned back to their original state under dark and oxic conditions. Significant positive correlations were observed between the concentrations of EPFRs and reactive radical species (R2 = 0.65–0.98, p<0.05), which suggested that the newly produced EPFRs contributed to the formation of reactive radical species. Our findings indicate that under the irradiation humic substances are likely to be more toxic and reactive in soil due to the formation of EPFRs.

关键词： Peat     Humic substances     Environmentally persistent free radicals     Light irradiation     Reactive radical species    

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species associated with eucalypt diseases in southern China

Shuaifei CHEN, Qianli LIU, Guoqing LI, Michael J. WINGFIELD

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第4卷 第4期   页码 433-447 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017173

摘要： The genus includes several important pathogens of species of and , mainly causing leaf and shoot blight. Recently, extensive shoot and leaf dieback and stem cankers suspected to be diseases have been found on young trees in Guangdong and Hainan Provinces. The occurrence of species and their association with eucalypt hosts within China needs to be investigated for tree diseases management. The isolates from the diseased samples were identified based on their morphological structures and phylogenetic analyses with DNA sequence data for the internal transcribed spacer region and large ribosome subunit RNA of the nuclear rDNA. This work revealed that three species of were present: from , from , both isolated from young eucalypt leaves and shoots in Guangdong Province, and , which was isolated from stem cankers of at four different sites across Guangdong and Hainan Provinces. These results confirmed that agents were associated with the diseases occurring on eucalypt hosts in South China. This is the first report of in Asia and the first report of in China on trees.

关键词： Corymbia     Eucalyptus     forest pathogens     plantations     Myrtaceae    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Species distribution of arsenic in sediments after an unexpected emergent discharge of high-arsenic wastewater

Ruiping LIU, Wei XU, Kun WU, Wenxin GONG, Huijuan LIU, Jiuhui QU

期刊论文

THE 4C APPROACH AS A WAY TO UNDERSTAND SPECIES INTERACTIONS DETERMINING INTERCROPPING PRODUCTIVITY

期刊论文

COMPARING PERFORMANCE OF CROP SPECIES MIXTURES AND PURE STANDS

期刊论文

Tracking in urban wastewater treatment plants in a cold region: Occurrence, species and infectivity

期刊论文

IN VITRO ACTIVITY OF EXTRACTS OF FIVE MEDICINAL PLANT SPECIES ON PLANT PATHOGENIC FUNGI

期刊论文

Roles of various Ni species on TiO

Xiaoping CHEN, Jihai XIONG, Jinming SHI, Song XIA, Shuanglin GUI, Wenfeng SHANGGUAN

期刊论文

Cooperative effect between copper species and oxygen vacancy in CeZrCuO catalysts for carbon monoxide

期刊论文

RESEARCH PROGRESS ON THE IMPACT OF NITROGEN DEPOSITION ON GLOBAL GRASSLANDS

期刊论文

understanding vacuum ultraviolet–iodide induced photolysis via hydrogen peroxide formation, iodine species

期刊论文

NADPH oxidase and reactive oxygen species as signaling molecules in carcinogenesis

Gang WANG

期刊论文

Reactive oxygen species generation is essential for cisplatin-induced accelerated senescence in hepatocellular

null

期刊论文

TRANSLATING THE MULTI-ACTOR APPROACH TO RESEARCH INTO PRACTICE USING A WORKSHOP APPROACH FOCUSING ON SPECIES

期刊论文

Emission factors of gaseous carbonaceous species from residential combustion of coal and crop residue

Qin WANG, Chunmei GENG, Sihua LU, Wentai CHEN, Min SHAO

期刊论文

Light-induced variation in environmentally persistent free radicals and the generation of reactive radical species

Yafang Shi, Yunchao Dai, Ziwen Liu, Xiaofeng Nie, Song Zhao, Chi Zhang, Hanzhong Jia

期刊论文

species associated with eucalypt diseases in southern China

Shuaifei CHEN, Qianli LIU, Guoqing LI, Michael J. WINGFIELD

期刊论文